Hannya (般若)

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Name Meaning

Hannya (般若) refers to the demonic mask worn in Noh and Kabuki theater. It symbolizes a woman transformed into a demon by overwhelming jealousy and sorrow.

  • Hannya = Wisdom in Sanskrit, but here used ironically
  • The mask conveys pain, rage, and longing

Origin

  • Originates from traditional Noh drama in Japan, used to portray female demons.
  • Based on tales of women consumed by love, jealousy, and betrayal.
  • Also appears in Buddhist iconography and ghost stories.

Appearance

  • White face with sharp, menacing features.
  • Horned head, fanged mouth, and deeply expressive eyes.
  • Visually evokes terror and deep sadness at once.
Hannya mask art
Hannya noh mask expression

Behavior & Myths

  • In stories, Hannya represents women turned into vengeful spirits.
  • Often haunts or attacks those who wronged them in love.
  • Still used symbolically in rituals and performances to reflect strong emotions.

Symbolism

  • Represents destructive emotion born of love and betrayal.
  • Also a reminder of emotional transformation and suffering.
  • Ironically linked to wisdom through its name, showing the duality of pain and understanding.
Hannya theatre mask
Jealous demon woman